Intercepted Loading of Web Applications

ABSTRACT

Aspects described herein may provide methods and systems for loading a second application from a first application while maintaining a consistent user experience. A technique may comprise receiving, by a client application, a first application from web servers. Upon receipt of a request for a second application, the first application may display a first loading display. The client application and/or the first application may then retrieve the second application and, in the process of retrieving the second application, cause the second application to display a similar loading display. When the client application switches from the first application to the second application, the client may display the second loading display. The similarity of the two loading displays may minimize the interruption perceived by the user. The loading displays may comprise indications of loading status, advertisements, interactive elements, or other content for display to the user.

FIELD

Aspects described herein generally relate to computer networking. Morespecifically, aspects described herein relate to a method of loading webapplications to, for example, provide a streamlined user experience.

BACKGROUND

Internet applications and websites continue to increase with complexityand scope.

Many applications are now provided as one-page web applications, whichleverage conventional web browsers and JavaScript to performfunctionality formerly limited to desktop applications and/or staticmulti-page websites. Current web technology is ill-equipped to handlesuch complexity because, for example, Internet application users mayerroneously believe the delay created by loading a single-page webapplication from a remote server is an application error. There is thusan ever-present need for methods to optimize the retrieval, loading, anddisplay of Internet content.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of various aspects describedherein. This summary is not an extensive overview, and is not intendedto identify key or critical elements or to delineate the scope of theclaims. The following summary merely presents some concepts in asimplified form as an introductory prelude to the more detaileddescription provided below.

Aspects described herein provide an improved method of requesting andretrieving applications, such as web applications.

As described herein, a user may access and use a first application, suchas a single-page web application, via a client application, such as aweb browser. The user may initiate a request at the first applicationthat may be served by a second application. Because the application isdifferent, a delay in accessing (e.g. downloading and rendering) thesecond application may be anticipated. In response to recognizing theneed for the second application, the client application may firstdisplay a loading display in the first application. This loading displaymay comprise a variety of content elements, including, for example,advertisements, tutorials, or information which may convey to the userthat the application is loading. While the loading display is visible,the client application may initialize the second application, whereinsuch initialization may comprise initializing a second loading displayon the second application. While loading the second application, theclient application may switch from the first loading display to thesecond loading display. The second loading display and the first loadingdisplay may be the same or substantially similar such that the switchfrom the first application to the second application is not easilydetected by the user. When the second application is fully retrieved,the client application may cease display of the loading display andinstead display the second application.

An illustration of this method is provided herein. A user may access anonline text chat application (e.g. mytextchat.com) through a webbrowser. The text chat application may allow users to chat using text,but not through video. The user may select a button in the text chatapplication which indicates that the user wishes to video chat. Thebutton may direct the user's web browser to mytextchat.com/video;however, that link may ultimately redirect users (e.g. through anHypertext Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”) 302 redirect or the like) to avideo chat application (e.g. myvideochat.com) separate from the textchat application. In response to the user's selection of the button, thetext chat application may intercept the request for the video chatapplication and, rather than redirect the user's web browser to thevideo chat application, instead first retrieve and cause display, on theweb browser, of a loading display (e.g. mytextchat.com/loading). Thismay include creating a Hypertext Markup Language (“HTML”) DocumentObject Model (“DOM”) and displaying the loading display within it.Because the loading display may be local to the text chat application,the retrieval and display of the loading display may occur more quicklythan redirecting the user's web browser to the video chat application.The text chat application may then request the video chat application bynot only requesting the video chat application directly (e.g. byretrieving myvideochat.com), but also by transmitting to the video chatapplication an indication of the current loading display (e.g.transmitting, in an HTTP header and/or the URL and to the video chatapplication, mytextchat.com/loading). The video chat application, havingreceived both the request and the indication of the current loadingdisplay, may create its own HTML DOM with the same or a similar loadingdisplay (e.g. based off of mytextchat.com/loading) and cause it to bedisplayed by the user's web browser. In this manner, the user may notdetect the change in applications, or may only a detect a change incertain portions of the loading display (e.g. a movement in a loadingbar or a change in a displayed advertisement). The video chatapplication may then remove or replace the loading display once it hasloaded.

The first application, second application, and client application mayuse one or more unique protocol headers and/or verbs to exchangeinformation to implement the method described herein. A unique header(e.g. in the HTTP protocol), such as “Location-Loading,” may be used toindicate the location of one or more loading displays. This header maybe passed amongst the first application, second application, clientapplication, and/or web servers to ensure that the first application andsecond application display the same or a similar loading display. A“LOADING” command, e.g. a “LOADING” verb in the HTTP protocol, may beused to retrieve a loading display in a manner which does not interruptretrieval (e.g. via a GET command) of the second application. This verbmay allow, for example, a web server to prioritize quick loading of aloading display and to delay requests for content associated with asecond application. Such headers and verbs may be used by the firstapplication and second application such that they are not available tothe client application in order to maximize compatibility with thewidest variety of client applications. Alternatively, the clientapplication may be configured to understand, process, and transmit suchunique headers and verbs.

The details of these and other features are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features andadvantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and fromthe claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentdisclosure will become better understood with regard to the followingdescription, claims, and drawings. The present disclosure is illustratedby way of example, and not limited by, the accompanying drawing in whichlike numerals indicate similar elements.

FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative computer system architecture that may beused in accordance with one or more illustrative aspects describedherein.

FIG. 2 depicts a message flow diagram illustrating how a clientapplication, web servers, and two applications may communicate inaccordance with one or more illustrative aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 depicts illustrative screens, including loading displays, fromfirst and second applications in accordance with one or moreillustrative aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 depicts a series of HTTP/1.1 messages which may be exchangedbetween the client application and web servers in accordance with one ormore illustrative aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description of the various embodiments, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings identified above and which form a parthereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various embodimentsin which aspects described herein may be practiced. It is to beunderstood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural andfunctional modifications may be made without departing from the scopedescribed herein. Various aspects are capable of other embodiments andof being practiced or being carried out in various different ways.

It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used hereinare for the purpose of description and should not be regarded aslimiting. Rather, the phrases and terms used herein are to be giventheir broadest interpretation and meaning. The use of “including” and“comprising” and variations thereof is meant to encompass the itemslisted thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional itemsand equivalents thereof. The use of the terms “mounted,” “connected,”“coupled,” “positioned,” “engaged” and similar terms, is meant toinclude both direct and indirect mounting, connecting, coupling,positioning and engaging.

FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a system architecture and dataprocessing device that may be used to implement one or more illustrativeaspects described herein in a standalone and/or networked environment.In accordance with the disclosure, computer software, hardware, andnetworks may be utilized in a variety of different system environments,including standalone, networked, remote-access (a/k/a remote desktop),virtualized, and/or cloud-based environments, among others. Variousnetwork nodes 103, 105, 107, and 109 may be interconnected via a widearea network (“WAN”) 101, such as the Internet. Other networks may alsoor alternatively be used, including private intranets, corporatenetworks, local area networks (“LANs”), metropolitan area networks(“MAN”) wireless networks, personal networks (“PAN”), and the like.Network 101 is for illustration purposes and may be replaced with feweror additional computer networks. A LAN may have one or more of any knownLAN topology and may use one or more of a variety of differentprotocols, such as Ethernet. Devices 103, 105, 107, 109 and otherdevices (not shown) may be connected to one or more of the networks viatwisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves or othercommunication media.

The term “network” as used herein and depicted in the drawings refersnot only to systems in which remote storage devices are coupled togethervia one or more communication paths, but also to stand-alone devicesthat may be coupled, from time to time, to such systems that havestorage capability. Consequently, the term “network” includes not only a“physical network” but also a “content network,” which may be comprisedof the data—attributable to a single entity—residing across all physicalnetworks.

The components may include data server 103, web server 105, and clientcomputers 107, 109 (also referred to herein as “user device(s)”). Dataserver 103 may provide overall access, control and administration ofdatabases and control software for performing one or more illustrativeaspects describe herein. Data server 103 may be connected to web server105, through which users interact with and obtain data as requested.Alternatively, data server 103 may act as a web server itself and bedirectly connected to the Internet. Data server 103 may be connected toweb server 105 through the network 101 (e.g., the Internet), via director indirect connection, or via some other network. Users may interactwith the data server 103 using remote computers 107, 109, e.g., using aweb browser to connect to the data server 103 via one or more externallyexposed web sites hosted by web server 105. Client computers 107, 109may be used in concert with data server 103 to access data storedtherein, or may be used for other purposes. For example, from clientdevice 107, a user may access web server 105 using an Internet browser,as is known in the art, or by executing a software application thatcommunicates with web server 105 and/or data server 103 over a computernetwork (such as the Internet).

Servers and applications may be combined on the same physical machines,and retain separate virtual or logical addresses, or may reside onseparate physical machines. FIG. 1 illustrates just one example of anetwork architecture that may be used, and those of skill in the artwill appreciate that the specific network architecture and dataprocessing devices used may vary, and are secondary to the functionalitythat they provide, as further described herein. For example, servicesprovided by web server 105 and data server 103 may be combined on asingle server.

Each component 103, 105, 107, 109 may be any type of known computer,server, or data processing device. Data server 103, for example, mayinclude a processor 111 controlling overall operation of data server103. Data server 103 may further include random access memory (RAM) 113,read only memory (“ROM”) 115, network interface 117, input/outputinterfaces 119 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, display, printer, etc.), andmemory 121. Input/output (“I/O”) 119 may include a variety of interfaceunits and drives for reading, writing, displaying, and/or printing dataor files. Memory 121 may further store operating system software 123 forcontrolling overall operation of the data processing device 103, controllogic 125 for instructing data server 103 to perform aspects describedherein, and other application software 127 providing secondary, support,and/or other functionality which may or might not be used in conjunctionwith aspects described herein. The control logic may also be referred toherein as the data server software 125. Functionality of the data serversoftware may refer to operations or decisions made automatically basedon rules coded into the control logic, made manually by a user providinginput into the system, and/or a combination of automatic processingbased on user input (e.g., queries, data updates, etc.).

Memory 121 may also store data used in performance of one or moreaspects described herein, including a first database 131 and a seconddatabase 129. In some embodiments, the first database may include thesecond database (e.g., as a separate table, report, etc.). That is, theinformation may be stored in a single database, or separated intodifferent logical, virtual, or physical databases, depending on systemdesign. Devices 105, 107, 109 may have similar or different architectureas described with respect to device 103. Those of skill in the art willappreciate that the functionality of data processing device 103 (ordevice 105, 107, 109) as described herein may be spread across multipledata processing devices, for example, to distribute processing loadacross multiple computers, to segregate transactions based on geographiclocation, user access level, quality of service (QoS), etc.

One or more aspects may be embodied in computer-usable or readable dataand/or computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more programmodules, executed by one or more computers or other devices as describedherein. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects,components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks orimplement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor ina computer or other device. The modules may be written in a source codeprogramming language that is subsequently compiled for execution, or maybe written in a scripting language such as (but not limited to) HTML orExtensible Markup Language (“XML”). The computer-executable instructionsmay be stored on a computer readable medium such as a nonvolatilestorage device. Any suitable computer readable storage media may beutilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices,magnetic storage devices, and/or any combination thereof. In addition,various transmission (non-storage) media representing data or events asdescribed herein may be transferred between a source and a destinationin the form of electromagnetic waves traveling through signal-conductingmedia such as metal wires, optical fibers, and/or wireless transmissionmedia (e.g., air and/or space). Various aspects described herein may beembodied as a method, a data processing system, or a computer programproduct. Therefore, various functionalities may be embodied in whole orin part in software, firmware and/or hardware or hardware equivalentssuch as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (“FPGA”),and the like. Particular data structures may be used to more effectivelyimplement one or more aspects described herein, and such data structuresare contemplated within the scope of computer executable instructionsand computer-usable data described herein.

FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative message flow diagram depicting thedisclosures herein.

FIG. 2 depicts a client 201, web servers 202, and a first application203 and a second application 204. As depicted in FIG. 2, forillustrative purposes, first application 203 is an text chatapplication, and second application 204 is an video chat application.

Client 201 may be any program executing on a computing device that iscapable of executing first application 203 and second application 204.Client 201 may be a web browser, such as the CHROME web browser byGoogle Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. and the FIREFOX web browser by theMozilla Corporation of Mountain View, Calif. Client 201 may additionallyor alternatively be a wrapper program intended to execute code on webservers 202. For instance, client 201 may be code which enables acomputing device to remotely access a highly sensitive applicationswhich reside on web servers 202.

Though FIG. 2 depicts web servers 202 as a single box, web servers 202may be one or a plurality of computing devices located worldwide. Webservers 202 may comprise a content delivery network. Web servers 202 maybe together or may be distributed geographically. First application 203may be served on one or more first servers and second application 204may be stored on one or more second servers. For example, a single-pageweb application may execute based on HTML code on a first server andJavaScript code on a second server and may comprise images retrievedfrom a content delivery network.

First application 203 and second application 204 may be any computingdevice applications which may be stored on web servers 202 and executedby client 201. First application 203 and second application 204 may be,for example, single-page web applications. Client 201 may comprise aviewer application, and first application 203 and second application 204may comprise desktop applications configured to be operated using aviewer application.

First application 203 and second application 204 may be stored in parton web servers 202 and, when retrieved, in part on the computing deviceexecuting client 201. The portion of first application 203 and secondapplication 203 retrieved by client 201 may be audiovisual informationdepicting the application executing on web servers 202, may be raw datawhich may be processed and displayed by client 201, or the like. Forexample, web servers 202 executing highly sensitive applications maysend client 201 only an encrypted video stream of the highly sensitiveapplications. As another example, a spreadsheet program executing on webservers 202 may send, to client 201, a stream of tabulated data whichmay be processed and displayed in a spreadsheet on client 201.

Because first application 203 and second application 204 may be storedin part on client 201 and web servers 202, and as detailed below,requests to and from first application 203 and/or second application 204may be performed by client 201 or web servers 202.

Discussion will now turn to the flow of messages between client 201, webservers 202, first application 203, and second application 204.

First, in step 205, client 201 sends a request for the first application203 to web servers 202. This step may comprise the user of the browservisiting a website or opening a smartphone application. The request maybe initiated without user intervention. For example, some smartphonesare configured to automatically open applications upon receipt of anotification (e.g. opening an text chat application when a message isreceived).

In step 206, web servers 202 send content corresponding to firstapplication 203 to client 201. For both first application 203 and secondapplication 204, receipt of an application by client 201 need not entailreceipt of all code for the application. First application 203 may havea portion of content stored on client 201 and another portion stored atweb servers 202. For instance, if first application 203 is a text chatapplication, client 201 may receive content which enables client 201 tosend and receive text messages, but may not provide code allowing client201 to change user account information. As another example, client 201may access an HTML chat application using PHP Hypertext Protocol (“PHP”)and Asynchronous Java and XML (“AJAX”) such that portions of HTML andAJAX content are stored at client 201, but PHP portions of theapplication are stored at web servers 202.

In step 207, web client 201 may load and display first application 203.With regard to both first application 203 and second application 204, aswell as loading displays (discussed later), loading and display mayoccur in any manner appropriate based on the properties of client 201.Modern web browsers, such as the CHROME web browser by Google ofMountain View, Calif. and the FIREFOX web browser by the MozillaCorporation of Mountain View, Calif., may, for example, display receivedcontent for the first application 203 differently based on screenresolution, whether or not the browsers are executing on a laptop,smartphone, or personal computer, or the like. In the context of webapplications, loading and display may entail creating a DOM and loadingHTML elements within the DOM. Flexibility in the manner in which firstapplication 203, second application 204, and/or any loading displays(discussed later) are loaded and displayed is desirable because thecomputing device executing client 201 may vary: a smartphone, forexample, may have very different display and input capabilities than alaptop or a television set-top box. Such loading and display process,also in steps 211, 216, and 218, may be the same or different asnecessary based on the received content.

In step 208, the user may, using first application 203, initiate arequest for second application 204. For instance, as depicted in FIG. 2,a user may request a video chat while using a text chat application, andsuch video chat functionality may be available on an video chatapplication but not the text chat application. The request may compriserequesting a Uniform Resource Locator (“URL”) associated with firstapplication 203 which ultimately redirects to second application 204.For instance, first application 203 may be associated with the URLmytextchat.com, and second application 204 may be associated withmyvideochat.com. The request in step 203 may be made tomytextchat.com/video, a URL which may redirect (e.g. via an HTTP 302response) to myvideochat.com. The request need not involve a URL at all:client 201 may merely contextually suggest to first application 203 toretrieve second application 204. The request itself may comprise no morethan the passage of time: for example, first application 203 may be apremium application accessible for only a first time period, and secondapplication 204 may be a free application accessible for a second,longer time period.

The user of client 201 need not know that the request in step 203involves second application 204. Indeed, it may be preferable to hidethe distinction between first application 203 and second application 204in order to present a seamless experience to the user. For example,first application 203 and second application 204 may be presented asdifferent sections and/or functions of the same application.

In step 209, client 201 may, via first application 203, request aloading display from web servers 202. First application 203 may beconfigured to determine certain conditions (e.g. the request from theuser in step 208) associated with loading second application 204 thattrigger a request for a loading display from web servers 202. Theloading display request in step 209 may comprise a request for aspecific loading display, such as a request for a loading displayassociated with second application 204, for a loading display based onclient 201, for a loading display based on the user of client 201, orthe like. First application 203 may already have some or all of theloading display (e.g. an HTML DOM and Cascading Style Sheet (“CSS”)information) such that the request to web servers 202 may comprise arequest for additional loading display information (e.g. a request foran advertisement) or for authorization to display the loading display.The request for a loading display may further comprise an indication ofsecond application 204 so that web servers 202 may select or generate aloading display based on second application 204 (e.g. “We're loadingyour Video Chat App. Please wait . . . ”). The request may alternativelyor additionally comprise a HTTP verb, such as “LOADING,” associated withan indication of a loading display stored at web servers 202.

An illustration of steps 208 and 209 is provided herein for the reader.Step 208 may comprise a user of client 201 clicking a link to go to“mytextchat.com/video.” Step 209 may comprise a HTTP-based request toweb servers 202 comprising two verbs. First, client 201 and/or firstapplication 203 may transmit to web servers 202 an HTTP “GET” commandcomprising a URL associated with application B (e.g. “GETmytextchat.com/video”) and an HTTP header comprising the loading displayintended to be displayed (e.g. “Location-loading:mytextchat.com/loading”). The former URL may be used by web servers 202to retrieve second application 204; whereas the latter URL may betransmitted, by web servers 202, to second application 204 such thatsecond application 204 may also display the loading display (asdescribed further below). Client 201 and/or first application 203 maythen send a “LOADING” verb command comprising the same“Location-loading” URL (e.g. “LOADING mytextchat.com/loading”) to webservers 202 in order to request and retrieve, from web servers 202, thecontent associated with the loading display. Additional discussionrelating to such verbs and HTTP headers is provided below in the contextof FIG. 4.

In step 210, web servers 202 may transmit to client 201 the loadingdisplay. The loading display may be transmitted directly to client 201or through the first application 203 to client 201. First application203 may, for example, receive loading display information from webservers 202, modify it (e.g. add CSS style information used by firstapplication 203), and transmit it to client 201. The loading display maybe any format which may be displayed by client 201, such as HTML. Step210 may comprise include transmitting, by web servers 202 and to firstapplication 203, a confirmation indicating that the loading display wasreceived by client 201.

A loading display may comprise any display which may be shown on viaclient 201. For example, a loading display may be a static image, text(e.g. “Loading . . . ”), or one or more content elements.

The loading display received by client 201 from web servers 202 and/orfirst application 203 may comprise a variety of content elements.Illustrations of such content elements are provided below.

The loading display may comprise one or more indications of load time,such as a loading bar, timer, or the like. Web server 20 and/or firstapplication 203 may estimate how long it will take for secondapplication 204 to load and cause such information to be displayed insuch an indication of load time. Similarly, client 201 and web servers202 may communicate in order to determine a loading status of secondapplication 204. For example, web servers 202 may determine a size ofcontent associated with second application 204 and begin transmittingsuch content to client 201. Client 201 may, in turn, transmit to webservers 202 an indication of an amount of the content received. In thismanner, if a portion of second application 204 is not received correctlyand web servers 202 must re-transmit the portion, the indication of loadtime on the loading display may be revised by client 201, firstapplication 203, and/or web servers 202 for accuracy.

The loading display may comprise one or more advertisements. Suchadvertisements may be based on first application 203, second application204, client 201, the user of client 201, or the like. For example, webservers 202 may determine that a PC-based browser is switching from achat application to an video application and, in turn, displayadvertisements for a web camera on the loading display. As anotherexample, web servers 202 may determine that a smartphone-based browseris switching from a chat application to a video chat application and, inturn, display advertisements for a new cell phone with a better cameraon the loading display.

The loading display may comprise information, such as tutorial text,associated with either first application 203 or second application 204.For instance, a “tip of the day” for using second application 204 may bedisplayed on the loading display. Notifications originating from firstapplication 203 or second application 204 may additionally oralternatively be displayed. For instance, the loading display maydisplay a list of tasks to be performed in second application 204.

The loading display may also comprise one or more interactive elementswhich may reduce the perceived length of time the loading display isdisplayed. Interactive elements may comprise, for example, a game, quiz,user-controllable animation, or the like. While perhaps morecomputationally and bandwidth-intensive than a static loading display,such interactive elements may serve to lessen the perceived load time ofsecond application 204.

In step 211, client 201 may load and display the received loadingdisplay. As with first application 203 in step 207, display of theloading display may be performed in any manner appropriate based onclient 201 and the loading display received.

In step 212, web servers 202 may transmit to client 201 directions tosecond application 204. Web servers 202 may transmit the directions tothe second application 204 via first application 203. While the requestmade in step 205 may comprise merely an indication that secondapplication 204 is requested (e.g. a GET command to URL“firstapplication.com/secondapplication,” which may cause a HTTP 302redirect to “secondapplication.com”), the directions transmitted in step212 may comprise a more direct indication to second application 204(e.g. an indication that client 201 should issue a GET command to“secondapplication.com”). In this way, step 205 and 213 may, inconjunction, perform a function similar to that of a HTTP/1.1 302redirect. The directions transmitted to client 201 may additionally oralternatively cause client 201 to retrieve second application 204 in amanner which simultaneously transmits the loading display associatedwith first application 203 (e.g. an indication that client 201 shouldissue a GET command to“secondapplication.com?loadingpage=firstapplication.com/loading”).

In step 213, client 201 may, based on the directions received in step212, transmit a request for second application 204 to web servers 202.Client 201 may transmit this request via first application 203. Asindicated above, the request may comprise a HTTP GET command for a URLassociated with second application 204. As second application 204 may bestored on a web server different than the web server which stores firstapplication 203, the directions may comprise additional informationnecessary for client 201 to locate second application 204 (e.g. a seriesof Internet Protocol (“IP”) address hops necessary to locate secondapplication 204). While the request is indicated In FIG. 2 as made byclient 201, step 213 may be performed by first application 203.

In step 213, client 201 and/or first application 203 may additionally oralternatively cause second application 204 to receive an indication ofthe first loading display. This indication may be passed to secondapplication 204 via the URL used by client 201 and/or first application203 to request second application 204 (e.g. through a GET command byfirst application 203 to“secondapplication.com?locaiton-loading=firstapplication.com/loading”).In this way, client 201 need not be configured to use a unique HTTPheader; rather, it may simply be instructed to visit a URL with specialparameters indicating the first loading display. Additionally oralternatively, client 201 and/or first application 203 may transmit aunique command, such as a “Location-loading” HTTP header, to secondapplication 204. In some circumstances (e.g. where compatibility withlegacy networking equipment is desired) it may be easier for client 201to pass the information to second application 204 in a URL parameter,whereas in other circumstances (e.g. circumstances where obfuscating theretrieval of the loading display is desired) it may be preferable forfirst application 203 to append a “location-loading” header to an HTTP“GET” command directed to second application 204.

In step 214, second application 204 may transmit to client 201 a secondloading display. It may be desirable to switch from first application203 to second application 204 without visibly loading second application204. As such, the second loading display transmitted by secondapplication 204 may be the same or a similar loading display as thatdisplayed by first application 203 such that, when a switch from firstapplication 203 to second application 204 occurs, the switch isdifficult to perceive by the user of client 201. As with the loadingdisplay displayed by first application 203, second application 204 mayreceive loading display information from web servers 202 and modify itbefore transmitting the second loading display to client 201. And, likethe first loading display displayed by first application 203, the secondloading display may feature indications of loading status,advertisements, interactive elements, or the like.

In step 215, client 201 may load and display the second loading displayreceived. The loading and retrieval may, but need not, be the sameprocess used in steps 207 and 211. In order to best disguise the switchfrom a first loading display to a second loading display, the same DOMused by client 201 to display the first loading display may be modifiedor revised to display the second loading display.

In step 216, web servers 202 may transmit to client 201 contentassociated with second application 204. As with first application 203,client 201 may only receive a portion of second application 204. If thesecond loading display displays an indication of loading status, webservers 202 and client 201 may communicate to determine, for example, anestimated loading time. In some embodiments, recognizing that a loadingdisplay is displayed at client 201, web servers 202 may send more orless of second application 204 in order to minimize or optimize theinconvenience of the user. For example, web servers 202 may only send aminimal amount of content associated with second application 204 suchthat the loading display is displayed for as little time as possible. Asanother example, web servers 202 may send additional content to client201 such that, since the user is already inconvenienced by the loadingtime, the additional content may help prevent the need for a futureloading display.

Step 216 may be performed before the second loading display is received.Client 201 may retrieve second application 204 while the loading displayassociated with first application 203 is still displayed. Client 201 mayretrieve a first portion of second application 204 while the firstloading display is displayed and a second portion of second application204 while the second loading display is displayed. Client 201 mayreceive a portion of second application 204 sufficient to display thesecond loading display, display the second loading display, and thenload the remaining portion(s) of second application 204. The particulartiming of step 217 in relation to the flow of FIG. 2 may be modified asnecessary based on, for example, the protocol which web servers 202 useto communicate with client 201.

In step 217, web browser may load and display the second loading displayreceived.

The loading and retrieval may, but need not, be the same process used insteps 207, 211, and 216. For instance, the DOM initialized at client 201to display a loading display may be entirely deleted and replaced with aDOM corresponding to second application 204.

FIG. 3 is an illustrative series of screens that may be seen on client201 in accordance with the features described herein. For the purposesof illustration, FIG. 3 depicts applications executing on a smartphone.

Screen 301 displays an illustrative display of a text chat application(“My Chat”). Three buttons are available: a button 301 a to “Chat withFriends,” a button 301 b to “Find Friends,” and a button 301 ccorresponding to an video chat screen.

The text chat application depicted in screen 301 may be capable ofdisplaying the performing the functions associated with buttons 301 aand 301 b, but not capable of video chat. The video chat screen may beviewed on a second application, depicted in FIG. 3 as an video chatapplication 304. Such division of applications (e.g. containerization)may be useful to, for example, keep the size of the text chatapplication low (e.g. so that users may open it quickly to respond totexts).

The user, after selecting button 301 c, may first be presented with aloading display 302 in the text chat application. Loading display 302comprises an empty loading bar 302 a and advertisement 302 b.Advertisement 302 b may be based on any information known about client201, first application 203, second application 204, or the user ofclient 201. For instance, FIG. 3 shows an advertisement relating to aweb camera because the user has selected the button corresponding to anvideo chat screen. Loading bar 302 a may be static or may fill based onthe loading status of the requested video chat application.

Screen 303 depicts the loading display in the video chat application. Asdescribed with regards to FIG. 2, the switch from screen 302 to 303 maybe made such that loading displays 302 and 303 appear to be a singleloading display. Some portions of a loading display may nonethelesschange between the loading display associated with the first applicationand the loading display associated with the second application. Asdepicted in loading display 303, loading bar 303 a, which corresponds toloading bar 302 a, has partially filled. Advertisement 303 b, whichappears in the same area as advertisement 302 b, may also change (e.g.from “Buy a Webcam!” to “Buy a new Smartphone!”). Screen 304 depicts ascreen from the video chat app. As depicted in FIG. 3, screen 304 fromthe video chat app appears to be a portion of the text chat applicationdepicted in screen 301. In this way, a user may not know that they haveswitched applications at all. Screen 304 comprises a button 304 a (“Chatwith Friends”), a button 304 b (“Publicly Stream”), and a “back” button304 c. The “back” button 304 c depicted here is in many ways similar tovideo chat button 301 c: pressing the back button would trigger loadingdisplays similar to loading displays 302 and 303 while loading text chatapplication screen 301.

FIG. 4 depicts a series of illustrative HTTP messages which may beexchanged between client 201 and web servers 202 in accordance with theillustrations described herein.

In message 401, client 201 may transmit, via the first application andto web servers 202, a message which may indicate a request for an videochat page (e.g. “GET /secondapplication HTTP/1.1”). The request is madeusing the first application (e.g. “Host: www.first-application.com”).The request further includes a unique HTTP header (e.g.“Location-Loading”) which specifies the location of a loading display(e.g. “www.first-application.com/loading”). In the flow depicted in FIG.2, step 209 may comprise message 401.

In message 402, client 201, via first application 203, may retrieve theloading display. Client 201 uses a unique verb (e.g. “LOADING”) toretrieve, in a process which may be similar to an HTTP “GET” command, aloading display (e.g. “/loading”). The verb depicted in FIG. 4 may beused as part of the HTTP/1.1 protocol. As with message 401, message 402is made using the first application (“Host: www.first-application.com”),and the loading display is located at the first application. In the flowdepicted in FIG. 2, step 209 may comprise message 402.

In message 403, and in response to message 401, web servers 202 respondto the request for “www.first-application.com/secondapplication” with a302 redirect (e.g. “HTTP/1.1 302 Found”) to the second application (e.g.“Location: http://www.second-application.com”). As depicted in FIG. 4,this 302 redirect comprises the same “Location-Loading” informationprovided in message 401. Such information may be passed along servers toensure that the second application is notified of the loading displaybeing displayed by client 201. In the flow depicted in FIG. 2, step 212may comprise message 403.

In message 404, and in response to message 403, client 201 may requestthe video chat page (e.g. “GET /secondapplication HTTP/1.1”) of thesecond application (e.g. “Host:www.second-application.com?location-loading=www.first-application.com/loading”).As depicted in FIG. 4, client 201 may pass the “Location-Loading”information as parameters in a query in the URL, rather than viainformation in HTTP protocol header fields. This use of parameters in aquery in the URL may allow queries to be passed along servers anddevices which would otherwise ignore or strip out “Location-Loading”header information included in HTTP protocol header fields. In the flowdepicted in FIG. 2, step 213 may comprise message 404.

In message 405, client 201 may, via second application 204, send webservers 202 the same unique verb (e.g. “LOADING”) to retrieve theloading display (e.g. “/loading”) from first application 203 (e.g.“Host: www.first-application.com”). As depicted in FIG. 4, the contentof messages 402 and 405 may be the same and may generate a same orsimilar loading display, but may be made using different applications.In the flow depicted in FIG. 2, step 214 may comprise message 405.

The verb “LOADING” and header “Location-Loading:” in FIG. 4 areillustrative: client 201 and web servers 202 may exchange suchinformation in a variety of manners. For example, as suggested above,the “Location-Loading” field may be appended to all URLs as a query(e.g. “www.website.com?location-loading:second-website.com”). Similarly,the “LOADING” verb may be a “GET” command with additional functionalitywhich allows client 201 to, via first application 203, retrieve secondapplication 204.

One or more aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in acomputer-usable media and/or computer-executable instructions, such asin one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers orother devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs,objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasksor implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processorin a computer or other data processing device. The computer executableinstructions may be stored on one or more computer readable media suchas a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid statememory, RAM, etc. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, thefunctionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed asdesired in various embodiments. In addition, the functionality may beembodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such asintegrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (“FPGA”), and thelike. Particular data structures may be used to more effectivelyimplement one or more aspects of the disclosure, and such datastructures are contemplated within the scope of computer executableinstructions and computer-usable data described herein.

Aspects of the disclosure have been described in terms of examples.While illustrative systems and methods as described herein embodyingvarious aspects of the present disclosure are shown, it will beunderstood by those skilled in the art, that the disclosure is notlimited to these embodiments. Modifications may be made by those skilledin the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. Forexample, each of the features of the aforementioned examples may beutilized alone or in combination or sub-combination with elements of theother examples. For example, any of the above described systems andmethods or parts thereof may be combined with the other methods andsystems or parts thereof described above. For example, the steps shownin the figures may be performed in other than the recited order, and oneor more steps shown may be optional in accordance with aspects of thedisclosure. It will also be appreciated and understood thatmodifications may be made without departing from the true spirit andscope of the present disclosure. The description is thus to be regardedas illustrative instead of restrictive on the present disclosure.

1. A method comprising: transmitting, by a first computing deviceexecuting a first application and to a server, a first request for asecond application; receiving, from the server: a first loading displayassociated with the first application, and an indication of a locationof the second application; causing display of the first loading display;transmitting, based on the indication of the location of the secondapplication, a second request for the second application, wherein thesecond request comprises a second indication of the first loadingdisplay; receiving content associated with the second application, saidcontent comprising a second loading display based on the first loadingdisplay; and causing display of the second application, wherein causingdisplay of the second application comprises causing display of thesecond loading display.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstrequest for the second application comprises a request for the firstloading display associated with the first application.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first loading display is based on the secondapplication.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second loadingdisplay is based on the first loading display.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein: causing display of the first loading display comprisesdisplaying the first loading display via a Document Object Model (DOM);and causing display of the second application further comprisesreplacing content associated with the first loading display in the DOMwith the content associated with the second application.
 6. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: determining a loading time correspondingto the second application, wherein receiving content associated with thesecond application comprises receiving, based on determining that theloading time meets a threshold, less than all of the second application.7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a loading timecorresponding to the second application; and retrieving, based ondetermining that the loading time meets a threshold, second contentassociated with the second application.
 8. A method comprising:receiving, by a server and from a first computing device executing afirst application, a first request for a second application; determininga location of the second application; determining, based on the firstrequest, a first loading display associated with the first application;transmitting: the first loading display, and an indication of thelocation of the second application; receiving a second request for thesecond application, wherein the second request is based on theindication of the location of the second application; and transmittingat least a portion of the second application, wherein the at least theportion of the second application is configured to cause display of asecond loading display that is based on the first loading display. 9.The method of claim 8, wherein transmitting the indication of thelocation of the second application comprises transmitting a UniformResource Locator (URL), and wherein the transmitted URL comprises theindication of the location of the second application and a secondindication of the first loading display.
 10. The method of claim 8,wherein the first request for the second application comprises a requestfor the first loading display associated with the first application. 11.The method of claim 8, wherein the first loading display is based on thesecond application.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the secondloading display is based on the first loading display.
 13. The method ofclaim 8, further comprising: determining a loading time corresponding tothe second application; and transmitting, based on determining that theloading time meets a threshold, second content associated with thesecond application.
 14. A method comprising: transmitting, by a firstcomputing device, a first request for a first application; receiving atleast a portion of the first application; causing display of the atleast the portion of the first application; transmitting, to a serverand based on the first application, a second request for a secondapplication; receiving, from the server, a first loading displayassociated with the first application; causing display of the firstloading display; receiving a first portion of the second application;receiving, from the server, a second loading display based on the firstloading display and associated with the second application; causingdisplay of the second loading display; receiving a second portion of thesecond application; and causing display of the second application. 15.The method of claim 14, wherein the second request for the secondapplication comprises a request for the first loading display.
 16. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the first loading display is based on thesecond application.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the secondloading display is based on the first loading display.
 18. The method ofclaim 14, wherein: causing display of the first loading displaycomprises displaying the first loading display via a Document ObjectModel (DOM); and causing display of the second loading display comprisesadding content associated with the second loading display to the DOM.19. The method of claim 14, wherein causing display of the secondloading display comprises causing display, via the first portion of thesecond application, of the second loading display.
 20. The method ofclaim 14, wherein transmitting the second request for the secondapplication is based on an indication, by a user of the firstapplication, to load the second application.